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Agora C++ API Reference for All Platforms

Index IRtcEngine IRtcEngineEventHandler IChannel IChannelEventHandler IAudioDeviceManager IVideoDeviceManager

Namespaces
namespace	base

namespace	internal

namespace	media

namespace	rtc

namespace	rtm

namespace	util

Classes
struct	in_place_t

struct	nullopt_t

class	Optional

Enumerations
enum	INTERFACE_ID_TYPE { AGORA_IID_AUDIO_DEVICE_MANAGER = 1 , AGORA_IID_VIDEO_DEVICE_MANAGER = 2 , AGORA_IID_RTC_ENGINE_PARAMETER = 3 , AGORA_IID_MEDIA_ENGINE = 4 , AGORA_IID_SIGNALING_ENGINE = 8 , AGORA_IID_LOCAL_SPATIAL_AUDIO = 11 }

enum	WARN_CODE_TYPE { WARN_INVALID_VIEW = 8 , WARN_INIT_VIDEO = 16 , WARN_PENDING = 20 , WARN_NO_AVAILABLE_CHANNEL = 103 , WARN_LOOKUP_CHANNEL_TIMEOUT = 104 , WARN_LOOKUP_CHANNEL_REJECTED = 105 , WARN_OPEN_CHANNEL_TIMEOUT = 106 , WARN_OPEN_CHANNEL_REJECTED = 107 , WARN_SWITCH_LIVE_VIDEO_TIMEOUT = 111 , WARN_SET_CLIENT_ROLE_TIMEOUT = 118 , WARN_OPEN_CHANNEL_INVALID_TICKET = 121 , WARN_OPEN_CHANNEL_TRY_NEXT_VOS = 122 , WARN_CHANNEL_CONNECTION_UNRECOVERABLE = 131 , WARN_CHANNEL_CONNECTION_IP_CHANGED = 132 , WARN_CHANNEL_CONNECTION_PORT_CHANGED = 133 , WARN_CHANNEL_SOCKET_ERROR = 134 , WARN_AUDIO_MIXING_OPEN_ERROR = 701 , WARN_ADM_RUNTIME_PLAYOUT_WARNING = 1014 , WARN_ADM_RUNTIME_RECORDING_WARNING = 1016 , WARN_ADM_RECORD_AUDIO_SILENCE = 1019 , WARN_ADM_PLAYOUT_MALFUNCTION = 1020 , WARN_ADM_RECORD_MALFUNCTION = 1021 , WARN_ADM_CALL_INTERRUPTION = 1025 , WARN_ADM_IOS_CATEGORY_NOT_PLAYANDRECORD = 1029 , WARN_ADM_RECORD_AUDIO_LOWLEVEL = 1031 , WARN_ADM_PLAYOUT_AUDIO_LOWLEVEL = 1032 , WARN_ADM_RECORD_AUDIO_IS_ACTIVE = 1033 , WARN_ADM_WINDOWS_NO_DATA_READY_EVENT = 1040 , WARN_ADM_INCONSISTENT_AUDIO_DEVICE = 1042 , WARN_APM_HOWLING = 1051 , WARN_ADM_GLITCH_STATE = 1052 , WARN_APM_RESIDUAL_ECHO = 1053 , WARN_APM_AINS_CLOSED = 1054 , WARN_ADM_WIN_CORE_NO_PLAYOUT_DEVICE = 1323 , WARN_ADM_WIN_CORE_IMPROPER_CAPTURE_RELEASE = 1324 , WARN_SUPER_RESOLUTION_STREAM_OVER_LIMITATION = 1610 , WARN_SUPER_RESOLUTION_USER_COUNT_OVER_LIMITATION = 1611 , WARN_SUPER_RESOLUTION_DEVICE_NOT_SUPPORTED = 1612 }

enum	ERROR_CODE_TYPE { ERR_OK = 0 , ERR_FAILED = 1 , ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT = 2 , ERR_NOT_READY = 3 , ERR_NOT_SUPPORTED = 4 , ERR_REFUSED = 5 , ERR_BUFFER_TOO_SMALL = 6 , ERR_NOT_INITIALIZED = 7 , ERR_NO_PERMISSION = 9 , ERR_TIMEDOUT = 10 , ERR_CANCELED = 11 , ERR_TOO_OFTEN = 12 , ERR_BIND_SOCKET = 13 , ERR_NET_DOWN = 14 , ERR_NET_NOBUFS = 15 , ERR_JOIN_CHANNEL_REJECTED = 17 , ERR_LEAVE_CHANNEL_REJECTED = 18 , ERR_ALREADY_IN_USE = 19 , ERR_ABORTED = 20 , ERR_INIT_NET_ENGINE = 21 , ERR_RESOURCE_LIMITED = 22 , ERR_INVALID_APP_ID = 101 , ERR_INVALID_CHANNEL_NAME = 102 , ERR_NO_SERVER_RESOURCES = 103 , ERR_TOKEN_EXPIRED = 109 , ERR_INVALID_TOKEN = 110 , ERR_CONNECTION_INTERRUPTED = 111 , ERR_CONNECTION_LOST = 112 , ERR_NOT_IN_CHANNEL = 113 , ERR_SIZE_TOO_LARGE = 114 , ERR_BITRATE_LIMIT = 115 , ERR_TOO_MANY_DATA_STREAMS = 116 , ERR_STREAM_MESSAGE_TIMEOUT = 117 , ERR_SET_CLIENT_ROLE_NOT_AUTHORIZED = 119 , ERR_DECRYPTION_FAILED = 120 , ERR_CLIENT_IS_BANNED_BY_SERVER = 123 , ERR_WATERMARK_PARAM = 124 , ERR_WATERMARK_PATH = 125 , ERR_WATERMARK_PNG = 126 , ERR_WATERMARKR_INFO = 127 , ERR_WATERMARK_ARGB = 128 , ERR_WATERMARK_READ = 129 , ERR_ENCRYPTED_STREAM_NOT_ALLOWED_PUBLISH = 130 , ERR_INVALID_USER_ACCOUNT = 134 , ERR_PUBLISH_STREAM_CDN_ERROR = 151 , ERR_PUBLISH_STREAM_NUM_REACH_LIMIT = 152 , ERR_PUBLISH_STREAM_NOT_AUTHORIZED = 153 , ERR_PUBLISH_STREAM_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR = 154 , ERR_PUBLISH_STREAM_NOT_FOUND = 155 , ERR_PUBLISH_STREAM_FORMAT_NOT_SUPPORTED = 156 , ERR_MODULE_NOT_FOUND = 157 , ERR_ALREADY_IN_RECORDING = 160 , ERR_LOGOUT_OTHER = 400 , ERR_LOGOUT_USER = 401 , ERR_LOGOUT_NET = 402 , ERR_LOGOUT_KICKED = 403 , ERR_LOGOUT_PACKET = 404 , ERR_LOGOUT_TOKEN_EXPIRED = 405 , ERR_LOGOUT_OLDVERSION = 406 , ERR_LOGOUT_TOKEN_WRONG = 407 , ERR_LOGOUT_ALREADY_LOGOUT = 408 , ERR_LOGIN_OTHER = 420 , ERR_LOGIN_NET = 421 , ERR_LOGIN_FAILED = 422 , ERR_LOGIN_CANCELED = 423 , ERR_LOGIN_TOKEN_EXPIRED = 424 , ERR_LOGIN_OLD_VERSION = 425 , ERR_LOGIN_TOKEN_WRONG = 426 , ERR_LOGIN_TOKEN_KICKED = 427 , ERR_LOGIN_ALREADY_LOGIN = 428 , ERR_JOIN_CHANNEL_OTHER = 440 , ERR_SEND_MESSAGE_OTHER = 440 , ERR_SEND_MESSAGE_TIMEOUT = 441 , ERR_QUERY_USERNUM_OTHER = 450 , ERR_QUERY_USERNUM_TIMEOUT = 451 , ERR_QUERY_USERNUM_BYUSER = 452 , ERR_LEAVE_CHANNEL_OTHER = 460 , ERR_LEAVE_CHANNEL_KICKED = 461 , ERR_LEAVE_CHANNEL_BYUSER = 462 , ERR_LEAVE_CHANNEL_LOGOUT = 463 , ERR_LEAVE_CHANNEL_DISCONNECTED = 464 , ERR_INVITE_OTHER = 470 , ERR_INVITE_REINVITE = 471 , ERR_INVITE_NET = 472 , ERR_INVITE_PEER_OFFLINE = 473 , ERR_INVITE_TIMEOUT = 474 , ERR_INVITE_CANT_RECV = 475 , ERR_LOAD_MEDIA_ENGINE = 1001 , ERR_START_CALL = 1002 , ERR_START_CAMERA = 1003 , ERR_START_VIDEO_RENDER = 1004 , ERR_ADM_GENERAL_ERROR = 1005 , ERR_ADM_JAVA_RESOURCE = 1006 , ERR_ADM_SAMPLE_RATE = 1007 , ERR_ADM_INIT_PLAYOUT = 1008 , ERR_ADM_START_PLAYOUT = 1009 , ERR_ADM_STOP_PLAYOUT = 1010 , ERR_ADM_INIT_RECORDING = 1011 , ERR_ADM_START_RECORDING = 1012 , ERR_ADM_STOP_RECORDING = 1013 , ERR_ADM_RUNTIME_PLAYOUT_ERROR = 1015 , ERR_ADM_RUNTIME_RECORDING_ERROR = 1017 , ERR_ADM_RECORD_AUDIO_FAILED = 1018 , ERR_ADM_INIT_LOOPBACK = 1022 , ERR_ADM_START_LOOPBACK = 1023 , ERR_ADM_NO_PERMISSION = 1027 , ERR_ADM_RECORD_AUDIO_IS_ACTIVE = 1033 , ERR_ADM_ANDROID_JNI_JAVA_RESOURCE = 1101 , ERR_ADM_ANDROID_JNI_NO_RECORD_FREQUENCY = 1108 , ERR_ADM_ANDROID_JNI_NO_PLAYBACK_FREQUENCY = 1109 , ERR_ADM_ANDROID_JNI_JAVA_START_RECORD = 1111 , ERR_ADM_ANDROID_JNI_JAVA_START_PLAYBACK = 1112 , ERR_ADM_ANDROID_JNI_JAVA_RECORD_ERROR = 1115 , ERR_ADM_ANDROID_OPENSL_CREATE_ENGINE = 1151 , ERR_ADM_ANDROID_OPENSL_CREATE_AUDIO_RECORDER = 1153 , ERR_ADM_ANDROID_OPENSL_START_RECORDER_THREAD = 1156 , ERR_ADM_ANDROID_OPENSL_CREATE_AUDIO_PLAYER = 1157 , ERR_ADM_ANDROID_OPENSL_START_PLAYER_THREAD = 1160 , ERR_ADM_IOS_INPUT_NOT_AVAILABLE = 1201 , ERR_ADM_IOS_ACTIVATE_SESSION_FAIL = 1206 , ERR_ADM_IOS_VPIO_INIT_FAIL = 1210 , ERR_ADM_IOS_VPIO_REINIT_FAIL = 1213 , ERR_ADM_IOS_VPIO_RESTART_FAIL = 1214 , ERR_ADM_IOS_SET_RENDER_CALLBACK_FAIL = 1219 , ERR_ADM_IOS_SESSION_SAMPLERATR_ZERO = 1221 , ERR_ADM_WIN_CORE_INIT = 1301 , ERR_ADM_WIN_CORE_INIT_RECORDING = 1303 , ERR_ADM_WIN_CORE_INIT_PLAYOUT = 1306 , ERR_ADM_WIN_CORE_INIT_PLAYOUT_NULL = 1307 , ERR_ADM_WIN_CORE_START_RECORDING = 1309 , ERR_ADM_WIN_CORE_CREATE_REC_THREAD = 1311 , ERR_ADM_WIN_CORE_CAPTURE_NOT_STARTUP = 1314 , ERR_ADM_WIN_CORE_CREATE_RENDER_THREAD = 1319 , ERR_ADM_WIN_CORE_RENDER_NOT_STARTUP = 1320 , ERR_ADM_WIN_CORE_NO_RECORDING_DEVICE = 1322 , ERR_ADM_WIN_CORE_NO_PLAYOUT_DEVICE = 1323 , ERR_ADM_WIN_WAVE_INIT = 1351 , ERR_ADM_WIN_WAVE_INIT_RECORDING = 1353 , ERR_ADM_WIN_WAVE_INIT_MICROPHONE = 1354 , ERR_ADM_WIN_WAVE_INIT_PLAYOUT = 1355 , ERR_ADM_WIN_WAVE_INIT_SPEAKER = 1356 , ERR_ADM_WIN_WAVE_START_RECORDING = 1357 , ERR_ADM_WIN_WAVE_START_PLAYOUT = 1358 , ERR_ADM_NO_RECORDING_DEVICE = 1359 , ERR_ADM_NO_PLAYOUT_DEVICE = 1360 , ERR_VDM_CAMERA_NOT_AUTHORIZED = 1501 , ERR_VDM_WIN_DEVICE_IN_USE = 1502 , ERR_VCM_UNKNOWN_ERROR = 1600 , ERR_VCM_ENCODER_INIT_ERROR = 1601 , ERR_VCM_ENCODER_ENCODE_ERROR = 1602 , ERR_VCM_ENCODER_SET_ERROR = 1603 , ERR_ADM_WIN_CORE_SERVRE_SHUT_DOWN = 1735 , ERR_NOT_SUPPORTED_MUTI_GPU_EXCLUDE_WINDOW = 1736 }

enum	LOG_FILTER_TYPE { LOG_FILTER_OFF = 0 , LOG_FILTER_DEBUG = 0x080f , LOG_FILTER_INFO = 0x000f , LOG_FILTER_WARN = 0x000e , LOG_FILTER_ERROR = 0x000c , LOG_FILTER_CRITICAL = 0x0008 }

enum class	LOG_LEVEL { LOG_LEVEL_NONE = 0x0000 , LOG_LEVEL_INFO = 0x0001 , LOG_LEVEL_WARN = 0x0002 , LOG_LEVEL_ERROR = 0x0004 , LOG_LEVEL_FATAL = 0x0008 }

Functions
const nullopt_t	nullopt (0)

template<class T , class U >
bool	operator== (const Optional< T > &lhs, const Optional< U > &rhs)

template<class T , class U >
bool	operator!= (const Optional< T > &lhs, const Optional< U > &rhs)

template<class T , class U >
bool	operator< (const Optional< T > &lhs, const Optional< U > &rhs)

template<class T , class U >
bool	operator<= (const Optional< T > &lhs, const Optional< U > &rhs)

template<class T , class U >
bool	operator> (const Optional< T > &lhs, const Optional< U > &rhs)

template<class T , class U >
bool	operator>= (const Optional< T > &lhs, const Optional< U > &rhs)

template<class T >
CONSTEXPR bool	operator== (const Optional< T > &opt, nullopt_t)

template<class T >
CONSTEXPR bool	operator== (nullopt_t, const Optional< T > &opt)

template<class T >
CONSTEXPR bool	operator!= (const Optional< T > &opt, nullopt_t)

template<class T >
CONSTEXPR bool	operator!= (nullopt_t, const Optional< T > &opt)

template<class T >
CONSTEXPR bool	operator< (const Optional< T > &opt, nullopt_t)

template<class T >
CONSTEXPR bool	operator< (nullopt_t, const Optional< T > &opt)

template<class T >
CONSTEXPR bool	operator<= (const Optional< T > &opt, nullopt_t)

template<class T >
CONSTEXPR bool	operator<= (nullopt_t, const Optional< T > &opt)

template<class T >
CONSTEXPR bool	operator> (const Optional< T > &opt, nullopt_t)

template<class T >
CONSTEXPR bool	operator> (nullopt_t, const Optional< T > &opt)

template<class T >
CONSTEXPR bool	operator>= (const Optional< T > &opt, nullopt_t)

template<class T >
CONSTEXPR bool	operator>= (nullopt_t, const Optional< T > &opt)

template<class T , class U >
CONSTEXPR bool	operator== (const Optional< T > &opt, const U &value)

template<class T , class U >
CONSTEXPR bool	operator== (const U &value, const Optional< T > &opt)

template<class T , class U >
CONSTEXPR bool	operator!= (const Optional< T > &opt, const U &value)

template<class T , class U >
CONSTEXPR bool	operator!= (const U &value, const Optional< T > &opt)

template<class T , class U >
CONSTEXPR bool	operator< (const Optional< T > &opt, const U &value)

template<class T , class U >
CONSTEXPR bool	operator< (const U &value, const Optional< T > &opt)

template<class T , class U >
CONSTEXPR bool	operator<= (const Optional< T > &opt, const U &value)

template<class T , class U >
CONSTEXPR bool	operator<= (const U &value, const Optional< T > &opt)

template<class T , class U >
CONSTEXPR bool	operator> (const Optional< T > &opt, const U &value)

template<class T , class U >
CONSTEXPR bool	operator> (const U &value, const Optional< T > &opt)

template<class T , class U >
CONSTEXPR bool	operator>= (const Optional< T > &opt, const U &value)

template<class T , class U >
CONSTEXPR bool	operator>= (const U &value, const Optional< T > &opt)

template<class T , class... Args>
CONSTEXPR Optional< T >	make_optional (Args &&... args)

template<class T , class U , class... Args>
CONSTEXPR Optional< T >	make_optional (std::initializer_list< U > il, Args &&... args)

template<class T >
void	swap (Optional< T > &lhs, Optional< T > &rhs)

Variables
const in_place_t	in_place = {}

Enumeration Type Documentation

◆ INTERFACE_ID_TYPE

enum agora::INTERFACE_ID_TYPE

Enumerator
AGORA_IID_AUDIO_DEVICE_MANAGER
AGORA_IID_VIDEO_DEVICE_MANAGER
AGORA_IID_RTC_ENGINE_PARAMETER
AGORA_IID_MEDIA_ENGINE
AGORA_IID_SIGNALING_ENGINE
AGORA_IID_LOCAL_SPATIAL_AUDIO

◆ WARN_CODE_TYPE

enum agora::WARN_CODE_TYPE

Warning code.

Enumerator
WARN_INVALID_VIEW	8: The specified view is invalid. Specify a view when using the video call function.
WARN_INIT_VIDEO	16: Failed to initialize the video function, possibly caused by a lack of resources. The users cannot see the video while the voice communication is not affected.
WARN_PENDING	20: The request is pending, usually due to some module not being ready, and the SDK postponed processing the request.
WARN_NO_AVAILABLE_CHANNEL	103: No channel resources are available. Maybe because the server cannot allocate any channel resource.
WARN_LOOKUP_CHANNEL_TIMEOUT	104: A timeout occurs when looking up the channel. When joining a channel, the SDK looks up the specified channel. This warning usually occurs when the network condition is too poor for the SDK to connect to the server.
WARN_LOOKUP_CHANNEL_REJECTED	105: The server rejects the request to look up the channel. The server cannot process this request or the request is illegal. Deprecated** Deprecated as of v2.4.1. Use CONNECTION_CHANGED_REJECTED_BY_SERVER(10) in the onConnectionStateChanged callback instead.
WARN_OPEN_CHANNEL_TIMEOUT	106: A timeout occurs when opening the channel. Once the specific channel is found, the SDK opens the channel. This warning usually occurs when the network condition is too poor for the SDK to connect to the server.
WARN_OPEN_CHANNEL_REJECTED	107: The server rejects the request to open the channel. The server cannot process this request or the request is illegal.
WARN_SWITCH_LIVE_VIDEO_TIMEOUT	111: A timeout occurs when switching to the live video.
WARN_SET_CLIENT_ROLE_TIMEOUT	118: A timeout occurs when setting the client role in the interactive live streaming profile.
WARN_OPEN_CHANNEL_INVALID_TICKET	121: The SDK fails to join a channel.
WARN_OPEN_CHANNEL_TRY_NEXT_VOS	122: Try connecting to another server.
WARN_CHANNEL_CONNECTION_UNRECOVERABLE	131: The channel connection cannot be recovered.
WARN_CHANNEL_CONNECTION_IP_CHANGED	132: The IP address has changed.
WARN_CHANNEL_CONNECTION_PORT_CHANGED	133: The port has changed.
WARN_CHANNEL_SOCKET_ERROR	134: The socket error occurs, try to rejoin channel.
WARN_AUDIO_MIXING_OPEN_ERROR	701: An error occurs in opening the audio mixing file.
WARN_ADM_RUNTIME_PLAYOUT_WARNING	1014: Audio Device Module: A warning occurs in the playback device.
WARN_ADM_RUNTIME_RECORDING_WARNING	1016: Audio Device Module: A warning occurs in the audio capturing device.
WARN_ADM_RECORD_AUDIO_SILENCE	1019: Audio Device Module: No valid audio data is captured.
WARN_ADM_PLAYOUT_MALFUNCTION	1020: Audio device module: The audio playback frequency is abnormal, which may cause audio freezes. This abnormality is caused by high CPU usage. Agora recommends stopping other apps.
WARN_ADM_RECORD_MALFUNCTION	1021: Audio device module: the audio capturing frequency is abnormal, which may cause audio freezes. This abnormality is caused by high CPU usage. Agora recommends stopping other apps.
WARN_ADM_CALL_INTERRUPTION	1025: The local audio capture is interrupted by a system call, Siri, or alarm clock. Remind your user to end the phone call, Siri, or alarm clock if the local audio capture is required.
WARN_ADM_IOS_CATEGORY_NOT_PLAYANDRECORD	1029: During a call, the audio session category should be set to AVAudioSessionCategoryPlayAndRecord, and RtcEngine monitors this value. If the audio session category is set to other values, this warning code is triggered and RtcEngine will forcefully set it back to AVAudioSessionCategoryPlayAndRecord.
WARN_ADM_RECORD_AUDIO_LOWLEVEL	1031: Audio Device Module: The captured audio voice is too low.
WARN_ADM_PLAYOUT_AUDIO_LOWLEVEL	1032: Audio Device Module: The playback audio voice is too low.
WARN_ADM_RECORD_AUDIO_IS_ACTIVE	1033: The local audio capture device is occupied by another application. Remind your user to leave the channel, stop the audio capture in another application, and rejoin the channel in sequence.
WARN_ADM_WINDOWS_NO_DATA_READY_EVENT	1040: Audio device module: An exception occurs with the audio drive. Solutions: Disable or re-enable the audio device. Re-enable your device. Update the sound card drive.
WARN_ADM_INCONSISTENT_AUDIO_DEVICE	1042: Audio device module: The audio capturing device is different from the audio playback device, which may cause echoes problem. Agora recommends using the same audio device to capture and playback audio.
WARN_APM_HOWLING	1051: (Communication profile only) Audio processing module: A howling sound is detected when capturing the audio data.
WARN_ADM_GLITCH_STATE	1052: Audio Device Module: The device is in the glitch state.
WARN_APM_RESIDUAL_ECHO	1053: Audio Processing Module: A residual echo is detected, which may be caused by the belated scheduling of system threads or the signal overflow.
WARN_APM_AINS_CLOSED	1054: Audio Processing Module: AI NS is closed, this can be triggered by manual settings or by performance detection modules.
WARN_ADM_WIN_CORE_NO_PLAYOUT_DEVICE	1323: Audio device module: No available playback device. Solution: Plug in the audio device.
WARN_ADM_WIN_CORE_IMPROPER_CAPTURE_RELEASE	Audio device module: The capture device is released improperly. Solutions: Disable or re-enable the audio device. Re-enable your device. Update the sound card drive.
WARN_SUPER_RESOLUTION_STREAM_OVER_LIMITATION	1610: The original resolution of the remote user's video is beyond the range where super resolution can be applied.
WARN_SUPER_RESOLUTION_USER_COUNT_OVER_LIMITATION	1611: Super resolution is already being used to boost another remote user's video.
WARN_SUPER_RESOLUTION_DEVICE_NOT_SUPPORTED	1612: The device does not support using super resolution.

◆ ERROR_CODE_TYPE

enum agora::ERROR_CODE_TYPE

Error code.

Enumerator
ERR_OK	0: No error occurs.
ERR_FAILED	1: A general error occurs (no specified reason).
ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT	2: An invalid parameter is used. For example, the specific channel name includes illegal characters.
ERR_NOT_READY	3: The SDK module is not ready. Possible solutions: Check the audio device. Check the completeness of the application. Re-initialize the RTC engine.
ERR_NOT_SUPPORTED	4: The SDK does not support this function.
ERR_REFUSED	5: The request is rejected.
ERR_BUFFER_TOO_SMALL	6: The buffer size is not big enough to store the returned data.
ERR_NOT_INITIALIZED	7: The SDK is not initialized before calling this method.
ERR_NO_PERMISSION	9: No permission exists. Check if the user has granted access to the audio or video device.
ERR_TIMEDOUT	10: An API method timeout occurs. Some API methods require the SDK to return the execution result, and this error occurs if the request takes too long (more than 10 seconds) for the SDK to process.
ERR_CANCELED	11: The request is canceled. This is for internal SDK use only, and it does not return to the application through any method or callback.
ERR_TOO_OFTEN	12: The method is called too often.
ERR_BIND_SOCKET	13: The SDK fails to bind to the network socket. This is for internal SDK use only, and it does not return to the application through any method or callback.
ERR_NET_DOWN	14: The network is unavailable. This is for internal SDK use only, and it does not return to the application through any method or callback.
ERR_NET_NOBUFS	15: No network buffers are available. This is for internal SDK internal use only, and it does not return to the application through any method or callback.
ERR_JOIN_CHANNEL_REJECTED	17: The request to join the channel is rejected. This error usually occurs when the user is already in the channel, and still calls the method to join the channel, for example, joinChannel. This error usually occurs when the user tries to join a channel during startEchoTest. Once you call startEchoTest, you need to call stopEchoTest before joining a channel. The user tries to join the channel with a token that is expired.
ERR_LEAVE_CHANNEL_REJECTED	18: The request to leave the channel is rejected. This error usually occurs: When the user has left the channel and still calls leaveChannel to leave the channel. In this case, stop calling leaveChannel. When the user has not joined the channel and still calls leaveChannel to leave the channel. In this case, no extra operation is needed.
ERR_ALREADY_IN_USE	19: Resources are occupied and cannot be reused.
ERR_ABORTED	20: The SDK gives up the request due to too many requests.
ERR_INIT_NET_ENGINE	21: In Windows, specific firewall settings can cause the SDK to fail to initialize and crash.
ERR_RESOURCE_LIMITED	22: The application uses too much of the system resources and the SDK fails to allocate the resources.
ERR_INVALID_APP_ID	101: The specified App ID is invalid. Please try to rejoin the channel with a valid App ID.
ERR_INVALID_CHANNEL_NAME	102: The specified channel name is invalid. Please try to rejoin the channel with a valid channel name.
ERR_NO_SERVER_RESOURCES	103: Fails to get server resources in the specified region. Please try to specify another region when calling initialize.
ERR_TOKEN_EXPIRED	109: The token expired due to one of the following reasons: Authorized Timestamp expired: The timestamp is represented by the number of seconds elapsed since 1/1/1970. The user can use the Token to access the Agora service within 24 hours after the Token is generated. If the user does not access the Agora service after 24 hours, this Token is no longer valid. Call Expiration Timestamp expired: The timestamp is the exact time when a user can no longer use the Agora service (for example, when a user is forced to leave an ongoing call). When a value is set for the Call Expiration Timestamp, it does not mean that the token will expire, but that the user will be banned from the channel. Deprecated** Deprecated as of v2.4.1. Use CONNECTION_CHANGED_TOKEN_EXPIRED(9) in the onConnectionStateChanged callback instead.
ERR_INVALID_TOKEN	Deprecated Deprecated as of v2.4.1. Use CONNECTION_CHANGED_INVALID_TOKEN(8) in the onConnectionStateChanged callback instead. 110: The token is invalid due to one of the following reasons: The App Certificate for the project is enabled in Console, but the user is still using the App ID. Once the App Certificate is enabled, the user must use a token. The uid is mandatory, and users must set the same uid as the one set in the joinChannel method.
ERR_CONNECTION_INTERRUPTED	111: The internet connection is interrupted. This applies to the Agora Web SDK only.
ERR_CONNECTION_LOST	112: The internet connection is lost. This applies to the Agora Web SDK only.
ERR_NOT_IN_CHANNEL	113: The user is not in the channel when calling the method.
ERR_SIZE_TOO_LARGE	114: The size of the sent data is over 1024 bytes when the user calls the sendStreamMessage method.
ERR_BITRATE_LIMIT	115: The bitrate of the sent data exceeds the limit of 6 Kbps when the user calls the sendStreamMessage method.
ERR_TOO_MANY_DATA_STREAMS	116: Too many data streams (over 5 streams) are created when the user calls the createDataStream method.
ERR_STREAM_MESSAGE_TIMEOUT	117: The data stream transmission timed out.
ERR_SET_CLIENT_ROLE_NOT_AUTHORIZED	119: Deprecated as of v3.7.0. Use CLIENT_ROLE_CHANGE_FAILED_REASON reported in `onClientRoleChangeFailed` instead.
ERR_DECRYPTION_FAILED	120: Decryption fails. The user may have used a different encryption password to join the channel. Check your settings or try rejoining the channel.
ERR_CLIENT_IS_BANNED_BY_SERVER	123: The user is banned by the server. This error occurs when the user is kicked out the channel from the server.
ERR_WATERMARK_PARAM	124: Incorrect watermark file parameter.
ERR_WATERMARK_PATH	125: Incorrect watermark file path.
ERR_WATERMARK_PNG	126: Incorrect watermark file format.
ERR_WATERMARKR_INFO	127: Incorrect watermark file information.
ERR_WATERMARK_ARGB	128: Incorrect watermark file data format.
ERR_WATERMARK_READ	129: An error occurs in reading the watermark file.
ERR_ENCRYPTED_STREAM_NOT_ALLOWED_PUBLISH	130: Encryption is enabled when the user calls the addPublishStreamUrl method (CDN live streaming does not support encrypted streams).
ERR_INVALID_USER_ACCOUNT	134: The user account is invalid.
ERR_PUBLISH_STREAM_CDN_ERROR	151: CDN related errors. Remove the original URL address and add a new one by calling the removePublishStreamUrl and addPublishStreamUrl methods.
ERR_PUBLISH_STREAM_NUM_REACH_LIMIT	152: The host publishes more than 10 URLs. Delete the unnecessary URLs before adding new ones.
ERR_PUBLISH_STREAM_NOT_AUTHORIZED	153: The host manipulates other hosts' URLs. Check your app logic.
ERR_PUBLISH_STREAM_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR	154: An error occurs in Agora's streaming server. Call the addPublishStreamUrl method to publish the streaming again.
ERR_PUBLISH_STREAM_NOT_FOUND	155: The server fails to find the stream.
ERR_PUBLISH_STREAM_FORMAT_NOT_SUPPORTED	156: The format of the RTMP or RTMPS stream URL is not supported. Check whether the URL format is correct.
ERR_MODULE_NOT_FOUND	157: The necessary dynamical library is not integrated. For example, if you call the enableDeepLearningDenoise but do not integrate the dynamical library for the deep-learning noise reduction into your project, the SDK reports this error code.
ERR_ALREADY_IN_RECORDING	160: The client is already recording audio. To start a new recording, call stopAudioRecording to stop the current recording first, and then call startAudioRecording. Since v3.4.0
ERR_LOAD_MEDIA_ENGINE	1001: Fails to load the media engine.
ERR_START_CALL	1002: Fails to start the call after enabling the media engine.
ERR_START_CAMERA	1003: Fails to start the camera. Deprecated** Deprecated as of v2.4.1. Use LOCAL_VIDEO_STREAM_ERROR_CAPTURE_FAILURE(4) in the onConnectionStateChanged callback instead.
ERR_START_VIDEO_RENDER	1004: Fails to start the video rendering module.
ERR_ADM_GENERAL_ERROR	1005: A general error occurs in the Audio Device Module (no specified reason). Check if the audio device is used by another application, or try rejoining the channel.
ERR_ADM_JAVA_RESOURCE	1006: Audio Device Module: An error occurs in using the Java resources.
ERR_ADM_SAMPLE_RATE	1007: Audio Device Module: An error occurs in setting the sampling frequency.
ERR_ADM_INIT_PLAYOUT	1008: Audio Device Module: An error occurs in initializing the playback device.
ERR_ADM_START_PLAYOUT	1009: Audio Device Module: An error occurs in starting the playback device.
ERR_ADM_STOP_PLAYOUT	1010: Audio Device Module: An error occurs in stopping the playback device.
ERR_ADM_INIT_RECORDING	1011: Audio Device Module: An error occurs in initializing the capturing device.
ERR_ADM_START_RECORDING	1012: Audio Device Module: An error occurs in starting the capturing device.
ERR_ADM_STOP_RECORDING	1013: Audio Device Module: An error occurs in stopping the capturing device.
ERR_ADM_RUNTIME_PLAYOUT_ERROR	1015: Audio Device Module: A playback error occurs. Check your playback device and try rejoining the channel.
ERR_ADM_RUNTIME_RECORDING_ERROR	1017: Audio Device Module: A capturing error occurs.
ERR_ADM_RECORD_AUDIO_FAILED	1018: Audio Device Module: Fails to record.
ERR_ADM_INIT_LOOPBACK	1022: Audio Device Module: An error occurs in initializing the loopback device.
ERR_ADM_START_LOOPBACK	1023: Audio Device Module: An error occurs in starting the loopback device.
ERR_ADM_NO_PERMISSION	1027: The application does not have permission to use the microphone. Remind your user to grant permission and rejoin the channel.
ERR_ADM_RECORD_AUDIO_IS_ACTIVE	1033: The local audio capture device is occupied by another application. Remind your user to leave the channel, stop the audio capture in another application, and rejoin the channel in sequence.
ERR_ADM_ANDROID_JNI_JAVA_RESOURCE	1101: Audio device module: A fatal exception occurs.
ERR_ADM_ANDROID_JNI_NO_RECORD_FREQUENCY	1108: An exception occurred in the audio capture thread. Remind your user to rejoin the channel.
ERR_ADM_ANDROID_JNI_NO_PLAYBACK_FREQUENCY	1109: An exception occurred in the audio playback thread. Remind your user to rejoin the channel.
ERR_ADM_ANDROID_JNI_JAVA_START_RECORD	1111: Failed to start the local audio capture. Remind your user to rejoin the channel.
ERR_ADM_ANDROID_JNI_JAVA_START_PLAYBACK	1112: Failed to start the local audio playback. Remind your user to rejoin the channel.
ERR_ADM_ANDROID_JNI_JAVA_RECORD_ERROR	1115: Audio device module: AudioRecord returns error. The SDK will automatically restart AudioRecord.
ERR_ADM_ANDROID_OPENSL_CREATE_ENGINE	Deprecated
ERR_ADM_ANDROID_OPENSL_CREATE_AUDIO_RECORDER	1153: Failed to create Audio Recorder. Remind your user to rejoin the channel.
ERR_ADM_ANDROID_OPENSL_START_RECORDER_THREAD	1156: Failed to start the local audio capture. Remind your user to rejoin the channel.
ERR_ADM_ANDROID_OPENSL_CREATE_AUDIO_PLAYER	1157: Failed to create Audio Player. Remind your user to rejoin the channel.
ERR_ADM_ANDROID_OPENSL_START_PLAYER_THREAD	1160: Failed to start the local audio playback. Remind your user to rejoin the channel.
ERR_ADM_IOS_INPUT_NOT_AVAILABLE	1201: Audio device module: The current device does not support audio input, possibly because you have mistakenly configured the audio session category, or because some other app is occupying the input device. We recommend terminating all background apps and re-joining the channel.
ERR_ADM_IOS_ACTIVATE_SESSION_FAIL	1206: Audio device module: Cannot activate the Audio Session.
ERR_ADM_IOS_VPIO_INIT_FAIL	1210: Audio device module: Fails to initialize the audio device, normally because the audio device parameters are wrongly set.
ERR_ADM_IOS_VPIO_REINIT_FAIL	1213: Audio device module: Fails to re-initialize the audio device, normally because the audio device parameters are wrongly set.
ERR_ADM_IOS_VPIO_RESTART_FAIL	1214: Fails to re-start up the Audio Unit, possibly because the audio session category is not compatible with the settings of the Audio Unit.
ERR_ADM_IOS_SET_RENDER_CALLBACK_FAIL
ERR_ADM_IOS_SESSION_SAMPLERATR_ZERO	Deprecated
ERR_ADM_WIN_CORE_INIT	1301: Audio device module: An audio driver abnormality or a compatibility issue occurs. Solutions: Disable and restart the audio device, or reboot the system.
ERR_ADM_WIN_CORE_INIT_RECORDING	1303: Audio device module: A recording driver abnormality or a compatibility issue occurs. Solutions: Disable and restart the audio device, or reboot the system.
ERR_ADM_WIN_CORE_INIT_PLAYOUT	1306: Audio device module: A playout driver abnormality or a compatibility issue occurs. Solutions: Disable and restart the audio device, or reboot the system.
ERR_ADM_WIN_CORE_INIT_PLAYOUT_NULL	1307: Audio device module: No audio device is available. Solutions: Plug in a proper audio device.
ERR_ADM_WIN_CORE_START_RECORDING	1309: Audio device module: An audio driver abnormality or a compatibility issue occurs. Solutions: Disable and restart the audio device, or reboot the system.
ERR_ADM_WIN_CORE_CREATE_REC_THREAD	1311: Audio device module: Insufficient system memory or poor device performance. Solutions: Reboot the system or replace the device.
ERR_ADM_WIN_CORE_CAPTURE_NOT_STARTUP	1314: Audio device module: An audio driver abnormality occurs. Solutions: Disable and then re-enable the audio device. Reboot the system. Upgrade your audio card driver.
ERR_ADM_WIN_CORE_CREATE_RENDER_THREAD	1319: Audio device module: Insufficient system memory or poor device performance. Solutions: Reboot the system or replace the device.
ERR_ADM_WIN_CORE_RENDER_NOT_STARTUP	1320: Audio device module: An audio driver abnormality occurs. Solutions: Disable and then re-enable the audio device. Reboot the system. Replace the device.
ERR_ADM_WIN_CORE_NO_RECORDING_DEVICE	1322: Audio device module: No audio sampling device is available. Solutions: Plug in a proper capturing device.
ERR_ADM_WIN_CORE_NO_PLAYOUT_DEVICE	1323: Audio device module: No audio playout device is available. Solutions: Plug in a proper playback device.
ERR_ADM_WIN_WAVE_INIT	1351: Audio device module: An audio driver abnormality or a compatibility issue occurs. Solutions: Disable and then re-enable the audio device. Reboot the system. Upgrade your audio card driver.
ERR_ADM_WIN_WAVE_INIT_RECORDING	1353: Audio device module: An audio driver abnormality occurs. Solutions: Disable and then re-enable the audio device. Reboot the system. Upgrade your audio card driver.
ERR_ADM_WIN_WAVE_INIT_MICROPHONE	1354: Audio device module: An audio driver abnormality occurs. Solutions: Disable and then re-enable the audio device. Reboot the system. Upgrade your audio card driver.
ERR_ADM_WIN_WAVE_INIT_PLAYOUT	1355: Audio device module: An audio driver abnormality occurs. Solutions: Disable and then re-enable the audio device. Reboot the system. Upgrade your audio card driver.
ERR_ADM_WIN_WAVE_INIT_SPEAKER	1356: Audio device module: An audio driver abnormality occurs. Solutions: Disable and then re-enable the audio device. Reboot the system. Upgrade your audio card driver.
ERR_ADM_WIN_WAVE_START_RECORDING	1357: Audio device module: An audio driver abnormality occurs. Solutions: Disable and then re-enable the audio device. Reboot the system. Upgrade your audio card driver.
ERR_ADM_WIN_WAVE_START_PLAYOUT	1358: Audio device module: An audio driver abnormality occurs. Solutions: Disable and then re-enable the audio device. Reboot the system. Upgrade your audio card driver.
ERR_ADM_NO_RECORDING_DEVICE	1359: Audio Device Module: No capturing device exists.
ERR_ADM_NO_PLAYOUT_DEVICE	1360: Audio Device Module: No playback device exists.
ERR_VDM_CAMERA_NOT_AUTHORIZED	1501: Video Device Module: The camera is unauthorized.
ERR_VDM_WIN_DEVICE_IN_USE	1502: Video Device Module: The camera in use. Deprecated** Deprecated as of v2.4.1. Use LOCAL_VIDEO_STREAM_ERROR_DEVICE_BUSY(3) in the onLocalVideoStateChanged callback instead.
ERR_VCM_UNKNOWN_ERROR	1600: Video Device Module: An unknown error occurs.
ERR_VCM_ENCODER_INIT_ERROR	1601: Video Device Module: An error occurs in initializing the video encoder.
ERR_VCM_ENCODER_ENCODE_ERROR	1602: Video Device Module: An error occurs in encoding.
ERR_VCM_ENCODER_SET_ERROR	1603: Video Device Module: An error occurs in setting the video encoder.
ERR_ADM_WIN_CORE_SERVRE_SHUT_DOWN	1735: (Windows only) The Windows Audio service is disabled. You need to either enable the Windows Audio service or restart the device. Since v3.5.0
ERR_NOT_SUPPORTED_MUTI_GPU_EXCLUDE_WINDOW	1736: (Windows only) The SDK does not support you to set `excludeWindowList` to block windows on a device with multiple graphics cards. Since v3.7.0

◆ LOG_FILTER_TYPE

enum agora::LOG_FILTER_TYPE

Output log filter level.

Enumerator
LOG_FILTER_OFF	0: Do not output any log information.
LOG_FILTER_DEBUG	0x080f: Output all log information. Set your log filter as debug if you want to get the most complete log file.
LOG_FILTER_INFO	0x000f: Output CRITICAL, ERROR, WARNING, and INFO level log information. We recommend setting your log filter as this level.
LOG_FILTER_WARN	0x000e: Outputs CRITICAL, ERROR, and WARNING level log information.
LOG_FILTER_ERROR	0x000c: Outputs CRITICAL and ERROR level log information.
LOG_FILTER_CRITICAL	0x0008: Outputs CRITICAL level log information.

◆ LOG_LEVEL

enum class agora::LOG_LEVEL

strong

The output log level of the SDK.

Since: v3.3.0

Enumerator
LOG_LEVEL_NONE	0x0000: Do not output any log.
LOG_LEVEL_INFO	0x0001: (Default) Output logs of the FATAL, ERROR, WARN and INFO level. We recommend setting your log filter as this level.
LOG_LEVEL_WARN	0x0002: Output logs of the FATAL, ERROR and WARN level.
LOG_LEVEL_ERROR	0x0004: Output logs of the FATAL and ERROR level.
LOG_LEVEL_FATAL	0x0008: Output logs of the FATAL level.

Function Documentation

◆ nullopt()

const nullopt_t agora::nullopt ( 0 )

◆ operator==() [1/5]

template<class T , class U >

bool agora::operator==	(	const Optional< T > &	lhs,
		const Optional< U > &	rhs
	)

◆ operator!=() [1/5]

template<class T , class U >

bool agora::operator!=	(	const Optional< T > &	lhs,
		const Optional< U > &	rhs
	)

◆ operator<() [1/5]

template<class T , class U >

bool agora::operator<	(	const Optional< T > &	lhs,
		const Optional< U > &	rhs
	)

◆ operator<=() [1/5]

template<class T , class U >

bool agora::operator<=	(	const Optional< T > &	lhs,
		const Optional< U > &	rhs
	)

◆ operator>() [1/5]

template<class T , class U >

bool agora::operator>	(	const Optional< T > &	lhs,
		const Optional< U > &	rhs
	)

◆ operator>=() [1/5]

template<class T , class U >

bool agora::operator>=	(	const Optional< T > &	lhs,
		const Optional< U > &	rhs
	)

◆ operator==() [2/5]

template<class T >

CONSTEXPR bool agora::operator==	(	const Optional< T > &	opt,
		nullopt_t
	)

◆ operator==() [3/5]

template<class T >

CONSTEXPR bool agora::operator==	(	nullopt_t	,
		const Optional< T > &	opt
	)

◆ operator!=() [2/5]

template<class T >

CONSTEXPR bool agora::operator!=	(	const Optional< T > &	opt,
		nullopt_t
	)

◆ operator!=() [3/5]

template<class T >

CONSTEXPR bool agora::operator!=	(	nullopt_t	,
		const Optional< T > &	opt
	)

◆ operator<() [2/5]

template<class T >

CONSTEXPR bool agora::operator<	(	const Optional< T > &	opt,
		nullopt_t
	)

◆ operator<() [3/5]

template<class T >

CONSTEXPR bool agora::operator<	(	nullopt_t	,
		const Optional< T > &	opt
	)

◆ operator<=() [2/5]

template<class T >

CONSTEXPR bool agora::operator<=	(	const Optional< T > &	opt,
		nullopt_t
	)

◆ operator<=() [3/5]

template<class T >

CONSTEXPR bool agora::operator<=	(	nullopt_t	,
		const Optional< T > &	opt
	)

◆ operator>() [2/5]

template<class T >

CONSTEXPR bool agora::operator>	(	const Optional< T > &	opt,
		nullopt_t
	)

◆ operator>() [3/5]

template<class T >

CONSTEXPR bool agora::operator>	(	nullopt_t	,
		const Optional< T > &	opt
	)

◆ operator>=() [2/5]

template<class T >

CONSTEXPR bool agora::operator>=	(	const Optional< T > &	opt,
		nullopt_t
	)

◆ operator>=() [3/5]

template<class T >

CONSTEXPR bool agora::operator>=	(	nullopt_t	,
		const Optional< T > &	opt
	)

◆ operator==() [4/5]

template<class T , class U >

CONSTEXPR bool agora::operator==	(	const Optional< T > &	opt,
		const U &	value
	)

◆ operator==() [5/5]

template<class T , class U >

CONSTEXPR bool agora::operator==	(	const U &	value,
		const Optional< T > &	opt
	)

◆ operator!=() [4/5]

template<class T , class U >

CONSTEXPR bool agora::operator!=	(	const Optional< T > &	opt,
		const U &	value
	)

◆ operator!=() [5/5]

template<class T , class U >

CONSTEXPR bool agora::operator!=	(	const U &	value,
		const Optional< T > &	opt
	)

◆ operator<() [4/5]

template<class T , class U >

CONSTEXPR bool agora::operator<	(	const Optional< T > &	opt,
		const U &	value
	)

◆ operator<() [5/5]

template<class T , class U >

CONSTEXPR bool agora::operator<	(	const U &	value,
		const Optional< T > &	opt
	)

◆ operator<=() [4/5]

template<class T , class U >

CONSTEXPR bool agora::operator<=	(	const Optional< T > &	opt,
		const U &	value
	)

◆ operator<=() [5/5]

template<class T , class U >

CONSTEXPR bool agora::operator<=	(	const U &	value,
		const Optional< T > &	opt
	)

◆ operator>() [4/5]

template<class T , class U >

CONSTEXPR bool agora::operator>	(	const Optional< T > &	opt,
		const U &	value
	)

◆ operator>() [5/5]

template<class T , class U >

CONSTEXPR bool agora::operator>	(	const U &	value,
		const Optional< T > &	opt
	)

◆ operator>=() [4/5]

template<class T , class U >

CONSTEXPR bool agora::operator>=	(	const Optional< T > &	opt,
		const U &	value
	)

◆ operator>=() [5/5]

template<class T , class U >

CONSTEXPR bool agora::operator>=	(	const U &	value,
		const Optional< T > &	opt
	)

◆ make_optional() [1/2]

template<class T , class... Args>

CONSTEXPR Optional< T > agora::make_optional ( Args &&... args )

◆ make_optional() [2/2]

template<class T , class U , class... Args>

CONSTEXPR Optional< T > agora::make_optional	(	std::initializer_list< U >	il,
		Args &&...	args
	)

◆ swap()

template<class T >

void agora::swap	(	Optional< T > &	lhs,
		Optional< T > &	rhs
	)

Variable Documentation

◆ in_place

const in_place_t agora::in_place = {}

Agora C++ API Reference for All Platforms

Namespaces

Classes

Enumerations

Functions

Variables

Enumeration Type Documentation

◆ INTERFACE_ID_TYPE

◆ WARN_CODE_TYPE

◆ ERROR_CODE_TYPE

◆ LOG_FILTER_TYPE

◆ LOG_LEVEL

Function Documentation

◆ nullopt()

◆ operator==() [1/5]

◆ operator!=() [1/5]

◆ operator<() [1/5]

◆ operator<=() [1/5]

◆ operator>() [1/5]

◆ operator>=() [1/5]

◆ operator==() [2/5]

◆ operator==() [3/5]

◆ operator!=() [2/5]

◆ operator!=() [3/5]

◆ operator<() [2/5]

◆ operator<() [3/5]

◆ operator<=() [2/5]

◆ operator<=() [3/5]

◆ operator>() [2/5]

◆ operator>() [3/5]

◆ operator>=() [2/5]

◆ operator>=() [3/5]

◆ operator==() [4/5]

◆ operator==() [5/5]

◆ operator!=() [4/5]

◆ operator!=() [5/5]

◆ operator<() [4/5]

◆ operator<() [5/5]

◆ operator<=() [4/5]

◆ operator<=() [5/5]

◆ operator>() [4/5]

◆ operator>() [5/5]

◆ operator>=() [4/5]

◆ operator>=() [5/5]

◆ make_optional() [1/2]

◆ make_optional() [2/2]

◆ swap()

Variable Documentation

◆ in_place